Talking about the current, wireless communication technology where both types of wireless communication devices and technologies are included, from smartphones to computers, tabs, laptops, bluetooth technology, printers etc.
The technical term wireless communication was first introduced in the 19th century and has been continuously developed since then. It is a very important medium of transmission of information from one device to another. In this technology, information is transmitted only over the air without any cables or wires.
Electromagnetic waves like IR, RF, satellite etc. are used to transmit information As we all know that wireless communication is one of the fastest growing and most vibrant technology sector of the communication sector. Whereas wireless communication is a method of transmitting information without any physical medium .
Technically speaking, in communication system, transmitter is used to transmit information while receiver is used to receive it at the other end which is placed at receiver end. Wireless communication allows transmitters and receivers to be placed wherever they are needed, whether it is only a few meters (as in a TV remote control) or a few thousand kilometers (as in satellite communications).
Antennas are used for proper transmission and reception of signals. Here the signal propagates only through space.
Antennas are used for proper transmission and reception of signals. Here the signal propagates only through space.
Since no guidance is required to propagate these signals, this type of medium is called unguided medium in wireless communication.At the present time, wireless communication system has become a very necessary part of various types of wireless communication equipment, which allows users to operate even from remote operated areas.
Speaking of equipment, there are many devices that use wireless communication such as cordless telephones, Zigbee wireless technology, GPS, Wi-Fi, satellite television and wireless computer parts. At the same time, 3G and 4G, 5G networks, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technology are prominent in existing wireless phones.
History of wireless communication
In 1894, the Indian physicist Jagdish Chandra Bose demonstrated radio waves using electromagnetic waves to blow gunpowder and bells over a distance. Nikola Tesla first demonstrated a remotely controlled model boat to the public in 1898 at the old Madison Square Garden in New York City.In 1897, Guglielmo Marconi successfully demonstrated wireless telegraphy when he sent EM waves over a short distance of about 100 metres.
This display was a very modern invention according to that time which later opened the doors for radio communication and the word is derived from radio, radiant energy. Later in the early 1900s, trans-Atlantic radio broadcasting was established, where Marconi successfully transmitted messages in Morse code form. Since then, the technology of wireless communication and wireless systems has not looked back and has become more advanced day by day.
This gradually expanded the transmission range, that too with the help of cheaper and cheaper devices.
If we look at the development of wireless communication as a whole, we will see that many such wireless systems and methods have come and gone and many have gradually disappeared. For example telephone communication and television broadcasting.In the beginning, all communications related to telephones were done through wired networks (some are still doing so). But due to the rapid growth in mobile communication, these complex wired telephone systems are slowly being replaced. In this scenario, wired technology completely became obsolete and was replaced with the help of wireless communication.
If we look at the development of wireless communication as a whole, we will see that many such wireless systems and methods have come and gone and many have gradually disappeared. For example telephone communication and television broadcasting.In the beginning, all communications related to telephones were done through wired networks (some are still doing so). But due to the rapid growth in mobile communication, these complex wired telephone systems are slowly being replaced. In this scenario, wired technology completely became obsolete and was replaced with the help of wireless communication.
Whereas in another scenario where wireless communication was replaced by wired communication, it happened in television broadcasting. Where earlier television signals were transmitted with the help of wireless radio transmitters. But this setup was replaced by cable television.
Basic Elements of Wireless Communication System Typical wireless communication system mainly consists of three elements: transmitter, channel and receiver. In this, the function of transmitter is to transmit the signal, while the function of channel is to provide a medium for propagating the signal and the job of receiver is to receive the signal.
Channel encoding is a technique that is applied to a signal to reduce signal loss such as noise, interference, etc. During this process, a small amount of redundancy is introduced into the signal to make it stronger than the noise. The signal is then modulated with the help of a suitable modulation technique (like PSK, FSK and QPSK etc.) so that the signal can be easily transmitted with the help of antenna.
In wireless communication, channel indicates the medium of transmission in which the signal propagates. That is, open space. A wireless channel is very unpredictable, highly variable and random in nature. A channel can be easily disturbed, or it can be caused by interference, distortion, noise, scattering, etc. And it is very common to have errors in the resulting signal.
The main job of the receiver is to collect the signal from the channel and reproduce it as the source signal. There are many things in the reception path of a wireless communication system such as demultiplexing, demodulation, channel decoding, decryption and source decoding. It is clear from these components that the function of receiver is completely opposite to that of transmitter.
The signal from the channel is received by the demultiplexer and is also separated from other signals. Individual signals are demodulated by appropriate demodulation techniques and the original message signal is subsequently recovered. Then with the help of channel decoder the unnecessary bits are removed from the message.
By decrypting the signals before the message is encrypted, it removes its security and converts it into a simpler sequence of bits. Finally, this signal source is provided to the decoder to obtain the original transmitted message or signal.
Types of Wireless Transmission
Different types of signals are used for wireless transmission of data. Here below I have explained some different electromagnetic signals which are used for transmission and they are used according to their wavelength and frequency. Let us know about it.
- radio frequency transmission
- infrared transmission
- microwave transmission
- lightwave transmission
radio frequency
transmission
Radio frequency is a type of electromagnetic transmission used in wireless communication. RF signals can be generated easily, it is often in the range of 3kHz to 300GHz.
They are used in wireless communication because their special feature is that they can easily enter objects as well as travel long distances.
infrared transmission
Infrared radiations are called electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is much longer than that of visible light. They are mainly used for short distance communication. These signals cannot pass through solid objects.
For example, television remote control, mobile data sharing.
microwave transmission
Microwave is a form of electromagnetic transmission used in wireless communication systems. The wavelength of microwave is between one meter to one millimetre.
The frequency in this range varies from 300MHz to 300GHz. They are mainly used for long distance communication and are much less expensive.
lightwave transmission
Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is between that of infrared radiations and ultraviolet radiations. Its wavelength range is between 430 and 750 THz. These are mainly unguided optical signals such as lasers and are also unidirectional.